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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(3): 398-406, Jul-Sep/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-752552

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de projetos que contemplem o cultivo e beneficiamento de plantas medicinais, com qualidade, é urgente e necessário, especialmente quando se considera a expansão da oferta desses produtos para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Nesta pesquisa, foi avaliada a existência de iniciativas que produzem e disponibilizam plantas medicinais de interesse do SUS, em municípios que compõem a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio das Velhas (BHRV), em Minas Gerais. Foram visitados 45 municípios da Bacia buscando informações sobre atividades já existentes de produção e uso coletivo de plantas medicinais. Os dados sobre plantas medicinais já existentes foram posteriormente confrontados com informações epidemiológicas, como as principais causas de internações hospitalares e cobertura de equipes da Estratégia da Saúde da Família (ESF). A pesquisa evidenciou a existência de atividades filantrópicas e comerciais, relativas à utilização coletiva de plantas medicinais, apenas em Belo Horizonte, Capim Branco, Curvelo, Lassance, Nova Lima e Sete Lagoas. Vinte e sete espécies, nativas e exóticas, presentes na RDC 10/2010 da Anvisa são produzidas nessas iniciativas, e elas ocorrem tanto de forma espontânea como por meio de cultivo. A correlação das principais causas de internação hospitalar com as espécies vegetais disponíveis revelou potenciais locais de aproveitamento das plantas, inclusive pela ESF. O desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva, trabalhando desde o cultivo até a dispensação aos usuários do SUS, pode representar uma oportunidade de integração de diferentes atores e instituições da região, além de incrementar o desenvolvimento econômico-social e a preservação da biodiversidade local.


ABSTRACT The development of projects that include the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants with quality is urgent and necessary, especially when considering the offer increase of these products to the Unified Health System (SUS). In this study, we evaluated the potential of the Rio das Velhas" watershed region (BHRV) in producing and using medicinal plants. We visited 45 cities of the watershed, seeking information about existing production and collective use of medicinal plants. Afterwards, the data obtained in the fieldwork were confronted with epidemiological information, such as hospitalization rates and coverage of the Family Health Strategy. The research showed the existence of commercial and philanthropic activities in Belo Horizonte, Capim Branco, Curvelo, Lassance, Nova Lima and Sete Lagoas. Twenty-seven species, native and exotic ones, included in the 10/2010 Resolution edited by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), are produced in these initiatives, and they occur both spontaneously and through cultivation. The correlation of the leading causes for hospitalization and the available plant species showed potential use of local plants, including by the Family Health Strategy. The development of the production chain, from the plants" cultivation to the medicines" dispensation for the SUS users, may represent an opportunity of integration of different actors and institutions in the region, besides increasing the economic and social development and contributing to the preservation of local biodiversity.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/growth & development , Unified Health System , /analysis
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 71(2): 469-479, maio 2011. graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-592583

ABSTRACT

The present study analysed the relationship between morphology and trophic structure of Siluriformes (Pisces, Osteichthyes) from the Caracu Stream (22º 45' S and 53º 15' W), a tributary of the Paraná River (Brazil). Sampling was carried out at three sites using electrofishing, and two species of Loricariidae and four of Heptapteridae were obtained. A cluster analysis revealed the presence of three trophic guilds (detritivores, insectivores and omnivores). Principal components analysis demonstrated the segregation of two ecomorphotypes: at one extreme there were the detritivores (Loricariidae) with morphological structures that are fundamental in allowing them to fix themselves to substrates characterised by rushing torrents, thus permitting them to graze on the detritus and organic materials encrusted on the substrate; at the other extreme of the gradient there were the insectivores and omnivores (Heptapteridae), with morphological characteristics that promote superior performance in the exploitation of structurally complex habitats with low current velocity, colonised by insects and plants. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed an ecomorphological divergence between insectivores, which have morphological structures that permit them to capture prey in small spaces among rocks, and omnivores, which have a more compressed body and tend to explore food items deposited in marginal backwater zones. Mantel tests showed that trophic structure was significantly related to the body shape of a species, independently of the phylogenetic history, indicating that, in this case, there was an ecomorphotype for each trophic guild. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that the Siluriformes of the Caracu Stream were ecomorphologically structured and that morphology can be applied as an additional tool in predicting the trophic structure of this group.


O presente estudo investigou as relações entre morfologia e a estrutura trófica das espécies de Siluriformes (Pisces, Osteichthyes) do riacho Caracu (22º 45' S e 53º 15' W), afluente do rio Paraná. Foram amostrados três pontos com pesca elétrica, sendo registradas duas espécies de Loricariidae e quatro de Heptapteridae. A análise de agrupamento revelou a presença de três guildas tróficas: detritívoros, insetívoros e omnívoros. A Análise de Componentes Principais evidenciou a tendência de segregação entre dois ecomorfotipos: em um extremo do gradiente ecomorfológico estiveram dispostos detritívoros (Loricariidae), com estruturas morfológicas importantes para sustentação em substratos de corredeiras, as quais permitem a pastagem sobre detritos e materiais orgânicos incrustados no substrato. No outro extremo estiveram insetívoros e omnívoros (Heptapteridae), com estruturas morfológicas que tendem a melhorar o desempenho na exploração de recursos em hábitats estruturalmente complexos e com baixa velocidade de corrente, comumente colonizados por insetos e plantas. A Análise Discriminante Canônica revelou um caso de divergência ecomorfológica entre insetívoros e omnívoros, sendo os primeiros, detentores de estruturas morfológicas que favorecem a captura de presas que ocupam pequenos espaços entre rochas e, o segundo grupo, caracterizado por possuir corpos mais comprimidos, tendendo a explorar itens alimentares em zonas marginais de remanso. Os resultados dos testes de Mantel revelaram que a estrutura trófica apresentou relações significativas com a forma do corpo, independentemente das relações filogenéticas. Portanto, o presente estudo demonstrou que, entre os Siluriformes do riacho Caracu, existe uma estrutura ecomorfológica, o que evidenciou que a morfologia pode ser utilizada como mais uma importante ferramenta na tentativa de predizer a estrutura trófica desse grupo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Catfishes/classification , Ecosystem , Brazil , Catfishes/physiology , Food Chain , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Gastrointestinal Contents , Insecta , Phylogeny , Plants
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 64(3a): 447-458, ago. 2004. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-393488

ABSTRACT

Padrões locais e regionais de diversidade de peixes no reservatório de Itaipu foram avaliados e relacionados aos gradientes longitudinal ou rioûrepresa (dividido nas zonas fluvial, intermediária e lacustre) e transversal ou cabeceiraûfoz dos tributários (dividido em trechos lóticos e lênticos dos tributários e margens do reservatório). As coletas foram realizadas trimestralmente durante dois anos. Foram capturadas 85 espécies. Os padrões de diversidade local (a) e turnover (b) apresentaram diferenças significativas ao longo dos gradientes espaciais. Ao longo do gradiente longitudinal, as diversidades total e a foram maiores nas zonas fluvial e intermediária. Ao longo do gradiente transversal, as diversidades total e a aumentaram gradualmente do trecho lótico dos tributários às margens do reservatório. Os trechos lóticos e lênticos dos tributários apresentaram os maiores valores de diversidade b, indicando a heterogeneidade na composição de espécies das sub-bacias. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, recomendamos algumas ações de manejo para o reservatório.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Fishes , Biomass , Brazil , Fresh Water , Geography , Population Density , Population Dynamics
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 64(3)2004.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467715

ABSTRACT

Local and turnover patterns of fish diversity in the Itaipu Reservoir were evaluated and related to a longitudinal or river-dam gradient (composed of riverine, transitional, and lacustrine zones) and to transversal or upstream-downstream gradients of the tributaries (composed of lotic and lentic stretches of tributaries and reservoir shores). Thirteen stations were sampled quarterly during 2 years. A total of 85 fish species were caught. Local (alpha) and turnover (beta) patterns of fish diversity showed significant differences in reservoir spatial gradients. Along the longitudinal gradient, total and alpha-diversity were the highest in the riverine and transitional zones of the reservoir and lowest in the lacustrine zone. Along the transversal gradient, total and alpha-diversity increased from the lotic stretches of the tributaries to the reservoir shores. The lotic and lentic stretches of the tributaries presented the highest beta-diversity values, indicating heterogeneity in species compositions among the sub-basins. We conclude with recommendations for reservoir management based on the results of this study.


Padrões locais e regionais de diversidade de peixes no reservatório de Itaipu foram avaliados e relacionados aos gradientes longitudinal ou rio-represa (dividido nas zonas fluvial, intermediária e lacustre) e transversal ou cabeceira-foz dos tributários (dividido em trechos lóticos e lênticos dos tributários e margens do reservatório). As coletas foram realizadas trimestralmente durante dois anos. Foram capturadas 85 espécies. Os padrões de diversidade local (alfa) e turnover (beta) apresentaram diferenças significativas ao longo dos gradientes espaciais. Ao longo do gradiente longitudinal, as diversidades total e alfa foram maiores nas zonas fluvial e intermediária. Ao longo do gradiente transversal, as diversidades total e alfa aumentaram gradualmente do trecho lótico dos tributários às margens do reservatório. Os trechos lóticos e lênticos dos tributários apresentaram os maiores valores de diversidade beta, indicando a heterogeneidade na composição de espécies das sub-bacias. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, recomendamos algumas ações de manejo para o reservatório.

5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 35(8): 905-911, Aug. 2002. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-325538

ABSTRACT

The progressive behavior of the blood pressure of term newborns during the first week of life was assessed by the simultaneous use of oscillometric and Doppler methods. A total of 174 term neonates born at the Municipal Hospital Odilon Behrens in Belo Horizonte, from March 1996 to February 1997, were prospectively assessed. The oscillometric and Doppler ultrasonic methods were simultaneously used for four consecutive recordings obtained at 12 ± 6, 24 ± 6 and 72 ± 24 h and on the 7th ± 1 day of life. The combined use of the two methods simplified the procedure, with automatic cuff inflation and deflation, and speed was properly controlled with an automatic pressure monitor. The procedure was performed using a Y-connection to the mercury sphygmomanometer, with blood pressure being recorded with an automatic device and systolic blood pressure being measured simultaneously by Doppler ultrasound. The newborns were awake, not crying and in the supine position. A statistically significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed between the first and second, and the third and fourth measurements by Doppler and oscillometric methods. No significant correlation between birth weight, length, ponderal index and blood pressure was observed. The technique used represents a simpler and more accurate procedure for blood pressure measurement


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Determination , Infant, Newborn , Analysis of Variance , Oscillometry , Ultrasonography, Doppler
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(9): 1147-1153, Sept. 2001. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-290398

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to evaluate associations between fiber intake, colonic transit time and stool frequency. Thirty-eight patients aged 4 to 14 years were submitted to alimentary evaluation and to measurement of colonic transit time. The median fiber intake of the total sample was age + 10.3 g/day. Only 18.4 percent of the subjects presented a daily dietary fiber intake below the levels recommended by the American Health Foundation. In this group, the median left colonic transit time was shorter than in the group with higher dietary fiber intake (11 vs 17 h, P = 0.067). The correlation between stool frequency and colonic transit time was negative and weak for left colon (r = -0.3, P = 0.04), and negative and moderate for rectosigmoid and total colon (r = -0.5, P<0.001 and r = -0.5, P<0.001, respectively). The stool frequency was lower in the group with slow transit time (0.8 vs 2.3 per week, P = 0.014). In conclusion, most patients with chronic functional constipation had adequate dietary fiber intake. The negative correlation between stool frequency and colonic transit time increased progressively from proximal segments to distal segments of the colon. Patients with normal and prolonged colonic transit time differ in terms of stool frequency


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Colon/physiology , Constipation/physiopathology , Dietary Fiber , Eating , Feces , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Chronic Disease , Energy Intake , Rectum/physiology
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(6): 785-90, Jun. 2001. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-285854

ABSTRACT

Lead has been shown to produce cognitive and motor deficits in young rats that could be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of the zinc-containing heme biosynthetic enzyme delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D). In the present study we investigated the effects of lead and/or zinc treatment during the second stage of rapid postnatal brain development on brain, kidney and blood ALA-D specific activity, as well as the negative geotaxis behavior of rats. Eight-day-old Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline, lead acetate (8 mg/kg) and/or zinc chloride (2 mg/kg) daily for five consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after treatment, ALA-D activity was determined in the absence and presence of DL-dithiothreitol (DTT). The negative geotaxis behavior was assessed in 9- to 13-day-old rats. Treatment with lead and/or zinc did not affect body, brain or kidney weights or brain- or kidney-to-body weight ratios of the animals. In spite of the absence of effect of any treatment on ALA-D specific activity in brain, kidney and blood, the reactivation index with DTT was higher in the groups treated with lead or lead + zinc than in the control group, in brain, kidney and blood (mean + or - SEM; brain: 33.33 + or - 4.34, 38.90 + or - 8.24, 13.67 + or - 3.41; kidney: 33.50 + or - 2.97, 37.60 + or - 2.67, 15.80 + or - 2.66; blood: 63.95 + or - 3.73, 56.43 + or - 5.93, 31.07 + or - 4.61, respectively, N = 9-11). The negative geotaxis response behavior was not affected by lead and/or zinc treatment. The results indicate that lead and/or zinc treatment during the second stage of rapid postnatal brain growth affected ALA-D, but zinc was not sufficient to protect the enzyme from the effects of lead in brain, kidney and blood.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/growth & development , Lead/adverse effects , Porphobilinogen Synthase/metabolism , Zinc/adverse effects , Animals, Newborn , Body Weight , Brain/enzymology , Dithiothreitol/pharmacology , Kidney/enzymology , Porphobilinogen Synthase/blood , Rats, Wistar
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 46(3): 224-31, jul.-set. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-273579

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: A proposta deste trabalho é investigar o perfil socioeconômico, o motivo de estudar medicina, a opçao por especialidade e residência médica e a preferência em trabalhar como profissional liberal ou assalariado entre os estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). MÉTODO: Durante o ano de 1997, realizou-se estudo comparativo entre os estudantes de medicina da UFMG do 5o. período, iniciando o ciclo clínico, e aqueles do internato, terminando o ciclo clínico. Como instrumento foi utilizado um questionário distribuído a todos alunos das duas turmas. RESULTADOS: Houve grande semelhança entre os estudantes de 5o. período e os do internato. Em torno de 50 por cento dos estudantes eram do sexo feminino, mais da metade procedeu da capital do Estado, em Belo Horizonte, nasceu em família pequena com menos de três filhos, foi aprovada no primeiro vestibular e o pai cursou escola superior. A renda familiar situou-se entre 10 e 50 salários em 2/3 dos casos. Estes dados sao compatíveis com a origem de classe média alta, embora em aproximadamente 12 por cento a renda familiar foi inferior a 10 salários. A grande maioria estudou medicina por vocaçao ou altruísmo (80 por cento), raramente por questoes de mercado (<5 por cento). Houve grande preferência pela medicina como profissao liberal (98 por cento), mas em torno de 80 por cento aceitaria o emprego público como alternativa. Quase todos (98 por cento) pretendiam fazer residência médica e se tornar especialistas, poucos (<20 por cento) indicaram entre estas as especialidades de área geral, como clínica médica, gineco-obstetrícia, pediatria e cirurgia. CONCLUSAO: O estudo mostrou perfil socioeconômico relativamente elevado do estudante de medicina da UFMG e preferência pela prática especializada da medicina


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/trends , Students, Medical , Brazil , Data Collection , Employment , Socioeconomic Factors , Specialization , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 29(12): 1617-24, Dec. 1996. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-188443

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency was investigated in 332 children aged 7 to 15 years, 156 (47 per cent) boys and 176 (53 per cent) girls enrolled in the schools of the municipality of Rio Acima, MG. Seventy-four children were white (22.3 per cent), 218 were mulatto (65.7 per cent), and 40 were black (12 per cent). Mean hemoglobin level was 12.75 ñ 0.75 g/ dl. Lower values were determined for black children (12.32 + 0.87 g/dl) compared to white (l2.76 ñ 0.99 g/dl) and mulatto (12.81 ñ 0.94 g/dl) children. The prevalence of anemia was 16.6 per cent when determined on the basis of the percentage of children with hemoglobin values lower than the 3rd percentile for age and sex (standard method), and 36.2 per cent when determined by the standardized prevalence method for the evaluation of the prevalence of malnutrition in populations. Depletion of iron reserves was 8.13 per cent for the population in general and 20 per cent for the anemic children. This low prevalence of iron deficiency may have been the result of the value adopted as the lower normal limit (10 ng/ml) for serum ferritin values. The small percentage of anemic children with iron depletion may also be justified by the standard of normality adopted for hemoglobin values which was originally elaborated for the white population of North America and Finland and therefore may be inadequate for the population studied here, of diverse racial composition.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
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